Advantages :On a larger strategic level, the deal ends India's nuclear isolation, allowing international trade in nuclear technology for the first time in over 30 years.
India will have the unique position of joining the global league despite not being a signatory to the NPT or Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty.
India will now have access to nuclear fuel and technology not just from the United States, but also from Russia and France.
It will help India go some way in meeting a target of 20,000 megawatts by 2020. Currently, India generates less than 3,000 megawattsIt could be the beginning of a new era in which Washington engages with the world rather than holding it at arm's length.

Concerns :For India the big concern is whether this final legislation will address its concerns. There are portions of both Bills that India is uncomfortable with.

For instance:No export of technology to India related to enrichment, reprocessing spent fuel and heavy water production.

End use monitoring, which means the US would want to keep a check on how India is using the fuel exported by America and that it's not being used for its military programme.

An annual certification by the US President that India is complying with non proliferation commitments.
That the proposed law will only apply after India concludes an agreement on inspections with the IAEA. India maintains that can happen only after the law is changed in America.

India's scientific establishment is also worried that there is still no clarity on lifetime nuclear fuel supply for imported reactors. A clause on joint research on non-proliferation, scientists believe, should be deleted altogether.

From New Delhi's point of view it is poised to break out of its 30-year-old nuclear prison. The deal makes New Delhi a full-fledged nuclear power, allowing it to maintain a nuclear arsenal as well as obtain materials and technology for nuclear power plants. But this is merely the icing on the cake. New Delhi will no longer be locked out from high-end, dual-use technologies. Which means there are now fewer constraints to India's ambitions to become a superpower

There is a growing concern in the the political circle and there is a fear that US was concerned solely to cap India's nuclear weapons programme and there is an absolute ban on further tests - including sub-critical tests and those for peaceful purposes, which will completely restrict India's technical advancement in this vital sphere

The nuclear bill also bars India from reprocessing of the radiactive waste or the spent discharge from the reactor fuelled by uranium supplied by U.S. In all probabilities, U.S will not take back this waste for their own reasons and India will be left with the dire problem of disposal of this waste which contain various fission products.The disposal of this waste in the soil will pose a great environmental problem. This may require a very serious thinking.

According to the US Chamber of Commerce described as the world's largest business federation representing more than 3 million businesses and organisations of every size, sector, and region, the agreement would also open the country's markets to investment in technology, telecom, and financial services